Apache Web Server Php



Our Linux server (running IBM's Apache 2-based HTTP server) is having trouble installing PHP support so we can try the PHP-Nuke content management software as a customer service portal. After Apache decides that is is a PHP file, it gives it to the PHP interpreter. When PHP receives the file it reads through it and executes any PHP code it can find. After it is done with the file, the PHP interpreter gives the output of the code, if any, back to Apache.

Admittedly this post is less about the actual task of programming, and more about the behind-the-scenes workings of PHP's execution environment.

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Introduction

PHP is a popular server-side language that is fantastic for web applications. Some of the largest companies and organizations from around the world utilize PHP for their operations (some of them you probably use every single day). A large amount of web sites and applications are powered by PHP; therefore an understanding of the PHP language is mandatory to fully understand and accept the power behind popular frameworks (such as Laravel, CodeIgniter or Symfony), and how popular websites and applications may be handling user's data.

To kick start this mini-series of posts, we will begin by looking at how users interact with the web server, and how the web server and PHP talk to one another.

The Language

PHP is an interpreted language. This means that you will write code statements (lines of code) and when a page is requested, the PHP interpreter will load your PHP code, parse it and then execute it. This differs from other languages, such as Java or C#, where the source code is compiled and then executed. This is useful for web development in the fact that you do not have to re-compile your source code for trivial code changes and the changes have immediate effect on all subsequent requests.

PHP is written as standard text files with the .php extension. PHP files are often saved within a folder in a web server's public directory (or a web root directory). On most systems this will either be named public or public_html. For example, if a file was saved as index.php in a web root directory, a user could access it by typing http://www.example.org or http://www.example.org/index.php.

PHP and Default Pages (Directory Indexes)

Most PHP and web server setups let you use a file named index.php just as you would use an index.html file. However, make sure you know which one takes priority so you don't get unexpected results (usually index.php).

The Request Life-cycle

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So what exactly is happening when a user types in the URL http://example.org? When a user types in http://example.org in a Web client (a browser, for instance), the client issues a GET request to the server (let's assume that we are both using Apache). When Apache gets this request, it looks for a file named index.php (or index.html, remember the directory indexes from earlier?). If a file named index.php is found, Apache essentially says 'Hey, this is a PHP file because it has the .php extension. I am going to give this to the PHP interpreter'.

After Apache decides that is is a PHP file, it gives it to the PHP interpreter. When PHP receives the file it reads through it and executes any PHP code it can find. After it is done with the file, the PHP interpreter gives the output of the code, if any, back to Apache. When Apache gets the output back from PHP, it sends that output back to a browser which renders it to the screen.

Server

PHP And Apache Output

Beginners to PHP programming might often ask questions like 'How do I make an image with PHP?' or 'How do I make a text box with PHP?'. In all honesty, PHP does neither. In a traditional sense, the main goal of PHP is to generate some HTML document that a browser can render.

However, modern applications built with client-side MVC frameworks often see the role of PHP change to just interacting with server-side data storage.

Let's take another look at this process with a diagram. In this diagram, we will assume the user is going to the Laravel website at http://laravel.com/. The following figure has circled numbers that will highlight the various stages of the request. A step-by-step explanation of each step follows the figure.

Step 1
The user enters `http://laravel.com` into their browser and taps/hits 'enter'.
Step 2
After the user has tapped/hit 'enter', the browser sends the page request over the Internet to the web server.
Step 3
The web server gets the request and analyzes the request information. Apache realizes that we didn't specify a file, so it looks for a directory index and finds `index.php`.
Step 4
Since Apache knows to send files that end with the `.php` file extension to the PHP interpreter, it asks PHP to execute the file.
Step 5
In this step, PHP is executing the code contained in the `index.php` file from the request. During this step, PHP may interact with databases, the file system or make external API calls, amongst other things.
Step 6
After PHP has finished executing the `index.php` file, it sends the output back to Apache.
Step 7
Apache receives the output from PHP and sends it back over the Internet to a user's web browser. This is called the `web response`.
Step 8
The user's web browser receives the response from the server, and renders the web page on a computer or device.

As you can see, PHP interacts with a web server in a very real way. The actual request process is very simple, and one of the reasons that PHP is so well suited for web application development.

Conclusion

This concludes this first article in a little series about the basics of programming with PHP. The next articles will cover things such as variables, operators and functions. After that, we will take a dive into the world of Object Oriented Programing (OOP) and see how that fits in with PHP.

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How to hack mobile calls free download. software. I hope you enjoyed this article and if you have any comments or suggestions, feel free to leave a comment below or drop a line on Twitter or Google+.

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What is Apache Web Server?

Apache HTTP Server is a free and open-source web server that delivers web content through the internet. It is commonly referred to as Apache and after development, it quickly became the most popular HTTP client on the web. It’s widely thought that Apache gets its name from its development history and process of improvement through applied patches and modules but that was corrected back in 2000. It was revealed that the name originated from the respect of the Native American tribe for its resiliency and durability.

Now, before we get too in depth on Apache, we should first go over what a web application is and the standard architecture usually found in web apps.

Apache Web Application Architecture

Apache is just one component that is needed in a web application stack to deliver web content. One of the most common web application stacks involves LAMP, or Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP.

Linux is the operating system that handles the operations of the application. Apache is the web server that processes requests and serves web assets and content via HTTP. MySQL is the database that stores all your information in an easily queried format. PHP is the programming language that works with apache to help create dynamic web content.

While actual statistics may vary, it’s fair to say a large portion of web applications run on some form of the LAMP stack because it is easy to build and also free to use. Download x force keygen autodesk 2015 pc 32 64 bits. For the most part, web applications tend to generally have similar architecture and structure even though they serve many different functions and purposes. Most web applications also benefit from Firewalls, Load Balancers, Web Servers, Content Delivery Networks, and Database Servers.

Firewalls help protect the web application from both external threats and internal vulnerabilities depending on where the firewalls are configured. Load Balancers help distribute traffic across the web servers which handle the HTTP(S) requests (this is where Apache comes in) and application servers (servers that handle the functionality and workload of the web app.) We also have Database Servers, which handle asset storage and backups. Depending on your infrastructure, your database and application can both live on the same server although it’s recommended to keep those separate.

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Web Server Landscape

The internet is comprised of many different technologies and not all of them are the same. While Apache is arguably one of the most popular web servers out there on the net, there are many other players and the landscape is always changing. Back in the late 90s and early 2000s, Apache’s dominance was very strong, serving over 50% of the internet's active websites. Microsoft's IIS (Internet Information Services) was also an option but not nearly as popular.

Today, Apache still serves a large portion of the active websites but their share of the field has shrunk from 50% to just under 40% as of 2018 and NGINX, a relatively new player to the web server playing field, is in second place with roughly 35% and Microsoft IIS hovering around 8-10%. Every year there’s a new crop of web applications with new stacks and servers so the landscape is always changing.

Why Apache Web Servers?

Apache is considered open source software, which means the original source code is freely available for viewing and collaboration. Being open source has made Apache very popular with developers who have built and configured their own modules to apply specific functionality and improve on its core features. Apache has been around since 1995 and is responsible as a core technology that helped spur the initial growth of the internet in its infancy.

One of the pros of Apache is its ability to handle large amounts of traffic with minimal configuration. It scales with ease and with its modular functionality at its core, you can configure Apache to do what you want, how you want it. You can also remove unwanted modules to make Apache more lightweight and efficient.

Some of the most popular modules that can be added are SSL, Server Side Programming Support (PHP), and Load Balancing configs to handle large amounts of traffic. Apache can also be deployed on Linux, MacOS, and Windows. If you learn how to configure Apache on Linux, you can administer Apache on Windows and Mac. The only difference would be directory paths and installation processes.

Features of Apache Web Server

Apache
  • Handling of static files
  • Loadable dynamic modules
  • Auto-indexing
  • .htaccess
  • Compatible with IPv6
  • Supports HTTP/2
  • FTP connections
  • Gzip compression and decompression
  • Bandwidth throttling
  • Perl, PHP, Lua scripts
  • Load balancing
  • Session tracking
  • URL rewriting
  • Geolocation based on IP address

How does Apache Web Server Work?

Apache functions as a way to communicate over networks from client to server using the TCP/IP protocol. Apache can be used for a wide variety of protocols, but the most common is HTTP/S. HTTP/S or Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (S stands for Secure) is one of the main protocols on the web, and the one protocol Apache is most known for.

HTTP/S is used to define how messages are formatted and transmitted across the web, with instructions for browsers and servers on how to respond to various requests and commands. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is usually through port 443 with the unsecured protocol being through port 80.

The Apache server is configured via config files in which modules are used to control its behavior. By default, Apache listens to the IP addresses configured in its config files that are being requested. This is where one of Apaches many strengths come into play.

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With the Listen directive, Apache can accept and route specific traffic to certain ports and domains based on specific address-port combination requests. By default, Listen runs on port 80 but Apache can be bound to different ports for different domains, allowing for many different websites and domains to be hosted and a single server. You can have domain1.com listening on port 80, domain2.com on port 8080 and domain3.com on port 443 using HTTPS all on Apache.

Once a message reaches its destination or recipient, it sends a notice, or ACK message, basically giving acknowledgment to the original sender that their data has successfully arrived. If there’s an error in receiving data, or some packets were lost in transit, the destination host or client sends a Not Acknowledged, or NAK message, to inform the sender that the data needs to be retransmitted.

Who Uses Apache Web Server?

Apache HTTP web servers are used by over 67% of all web servers in the world. Apache web servers are easy to customize environments, they’re fast, reliable, and highly secure. This makes Apache web servers a common choice by best-in-class companies.

Alternatives for Apache HTTP Server

While Apache web servers are very popular, they’re not the only web servers on the market. Below are a number of alternatives for Apache HTTP servers.

  • Nginx
  • Apache Tomcat
  • Node.js
  • Lighttpd
  • Cherokee
  • Microsoft IIS
  • Appweb
  • Hiawatha

Apache HTTP Server vs Tomcat

Simply put, Apache HTTP server is a web server designed to serve static web pages. Whereas, Apache Tomcat is an application server built to serve java applications. Web pages can still be served through Apache Tomcat, but it will be less efficient than using an Apache HTTP server.

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Conclusion: Apache Web Server

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Throughout the last few decades, Apache has proven to be a staple in many popular stacks and the backbone of the early internet year. While it’s popularity is declining and the options of web server choices are increasing, Apache still plays a pivotal role in many technology stacks and companies system infrastructure. Even with new technologies and servers coming out nonstop, Apache is still a technology every developer should learn how to handle and configure.

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